Facts about Solar Energy

Solar Energy :Important to Know now adays
Solar Energy is freely available all the time.No need to pay for it.This is renewable energy and mostly available environmental friendly firm of energy available to us.The main environmetal burden remains in the production of converting device. environmental burdens concerns with Solar Collector Panel,inverter ,battery with controller including connecting wire in case of solar electricity and may be another type of environmental concerns may arise in solar thermal.
There are several application of solar energy in our daily life which are free of cost.we need to increase the application of solar energy in every aspect of life as far as possible to minimize use of fossile fuel based energy as far convcerns.
It is better to use solar energy in combination withother form of energy.In this way we can optimize overal energy system in any industry in huge basis.
Application of solar energy system are:
(1)Heating Water in our daily use in household(we can use this in combination with electric heater or gas heater).We can use 50-100Liter Solar Water heater in single house hold.
(2)Solar electricity(small scale to bigger one):we can save huge amount of kerosene in rural areas by small solar home system.we can use 5W peak panel and 2 solar tuki light for small rural home.Combinatino of 10W peak panel with support structure,controller and 20Wh batter with 2*5W CFL light for light small house and bigger ones depends on the how much light are necessary.Rural people in Nepal are using solar electricity specially for lighting.
(3)Solar energy can even be used for cooking in many places in Africa.
(4)These can be used in heating swimming pools and power hybrid car on industrial basis too.
Some facts and Why solar Energy is important?
(1)A home solar system is typically made up of solar panels, an inverter, a battery, a charge controller, wiring and support structure
(2)A 1-kilowatt home solar system consists of about 10-12 solar panels and requires about 100 square feet of installation area.
(3)A 1 kilowatt home solar system will generate approximately 1,600 kilowatt hours per year in a sunny climate (receiving 5.5 hours of sunshine per day) and approximately 750 kilowatt hours per year in a cloudy climate (receiving 2.5 hours of sunshine per day).
(4)The system usually comes with a 5-year warranty, although the solar panels are warranted for 20.Only battery needs to be replaced.
(5)Relying on the battery back up, a solar energy system can provide electricity 24x7, even on cloudy days and at night.
(6)A 1-kilowatt home solar system will prevent approximately 170 lbs. of coal from being burned, 300 lbs of CO2 from being released into the atmosphere and 105 gallons of water from being consumed each month!
(7)The sun is also the main source of non-renewable fossil fuels (coal, gas and petroleum), which began life as plants or animals whose energy came from the sun millions of year ago.
(8)Solar energy is responsible for weather patterns and ocean currents.
(9)In one hour more sunlight falls on the earth than what is used by the entire population in one year.
(10)Electric ovens consume the most amount of electricity, followed by microwaves and central air conditioning.
(11)Third world countries with an abundance of sunlight and a population currently without electricity, represents the fastest growing market for solar energy, with the largest domestic market being the utilities sector.
(12)Shell Oil predicts that 50% of the world's energy will come from renewable sources by 2040.

FFV vehicle and regular Gasoline vehicle

FFV(Flexible Fuel Vehicle) is some times called multiple fuel vehicle is also an IC engine and this is designed to operate on gasoline, E10, E85 and mixture of E85 and gasoline. The main part of FFV is Electronic Control Unit (ECU) that enables to use various fuels with proper management inside using software and electronic sensors. In FFV there is mechanism of detecting the ethanol and gasoline ratio and make appropriate adjustment to engine ignition timings and air fuel ratio that accounts for ethanol and optimize performance and emission control. All processes are done automatically according to the actual blending detected by the sensors. However FFV does not need cold start ancillary system. Some modification needed such as some rubber, plastic, magnesium and aluminum which are used to make gas tank, pump, and tubes for distributing oils and injector nozzle needs replaced with other materials or may be corrosion resistant. The width of the injector nozzle has to be expanded to meet higher circulation of fuel and valve, the piston, piston ring and spark plug has to be modified.
Pure ethanol is different than conventional gasoline in the sense that it has the constant boiling point temperature, higher octane rating, lower energy density and needs more heat for vaporization. If we consider the blend of E85 fuels by volume then this blend now have higher octane, low energy density than the regular gasoline and this contains only 69-74% of energy of regular gasoline. Hence this shows that this needs 35% more fuel and fuel handling infrastructure (fuel tanks and delivery) than the original gasoline engine to enable the same level of mobility (total vehicles miles of travel).with stoichiometric air fuel ratio of 10( it is almost 15 for gasoline),E85 needs more fuels per pound per air for optimum combustion.
Operating priciple of FFV:The operating principle is some how different than the using bioethanol as fules. These engines are operating on compression ignition principles (CI engine).All most all diesel engine runs happily with biodiesel if the biodiesel is of high quality and pure. New diesel engine does not need any engine modification when there are running up to 20% blending (B20) blending and the biodiesel is pure (as per ASTM). However engine needs the following modification when to run with biodiesel.
Rubber Seals: Rubber used for seal should be replaced with non rubber products such as VITONTM because biodiesel reacts with rubber
Cold Start: Problems for cold starting when high blends biodiesel are used and the concentration is more .This is overcome by the adding fuel heating system or using biodegradable additives reduces viscosity of the biodiesel.
Oil Change: Frequent oil changes are necessary when operating biodiesel. This depends on the type of the bio diesel used on the engine.
Engine Timing: Higher blends engine performance will improve when 2-3 degree changing on the engine timing for 100% blend. Use of advance injection timing and increase in injection timings are necessary for reducing NOx emission.